Boron DRI/RDA, negative health/side effects, overdose, toxicity, nutritional requirements

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DRI / RDA :

Boron

I have not found a cell receptor for Boron (B) to date, and at this time, it has not been officially designated to

be essential to human health, but it is an essential macronutrient for higher plant forms, and there are some

indications that it could be classified as essential for humans in the future.

A number of research studies have come to the conclusion that boron can be an effective addition in the

treatment of osteoporosis, and that it promotes healthy bone metabolism, including efficient use of calcium

and magnesium, and proper function of the endocrine system (ovaries, testes and adrenals). There is also

some evidence that parts of the world with low levels of boron in the soil have a higher percentage of people

suffering from arthritis in comparison to regions with higher soil levels of boron.

Some researchers believe boron to have estrogen-like properties (by raising plasma estradiol), while other

researchers claim boron to have testosterone-like properties, referring to reports of hair loss in males after

its supplementation.

However, since boron does not seem to offer any benefits with menopausal symptoms, it appears that the

estrogen / testosterone ratio may be in favor of a testosterone dominance. With boron now being found in

many multi-mineral brands, some individuals may feel that the hormonal effect (i.e. hair loss) is a concern, so

they should look for a formulation containing a lesser amount of boron, or none at all.

The trials I have run with boron showed clearly that it increases calcium and magnesium retention, but at the

expense of lowering manganese. Now manganese does have proven estrogen-like attributes, and it is one

of the co-factors crucial to help calcium uptake --- unless manganese levels are too high, which can result in

calcium and magnesium loss. So realistically, the only circumstances which would justify the use of boron for

osteoporosis - or any other condition - are situations where patients suffer from any type of liver disease that

results in high manganese levels, which would subsequently results in calcium (and magnesium) depletion. ¤

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Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is the latest term replacing daily dietary reference values such as

Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), Estimated Average Requirements (EAR),

Nutrient Reference Value (NRV), and Recommended Dietary Allowance / Intake (RDA / RDI).

Boron:DRI (RDA): noneTherapeutic Range:1mg - 15mg

Estimated median daily intake of boron worldwide from food and water is 0.5mg - 2.5mg per day.

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Boron Synergists: Copper,

Boron Antagonists: Manganese, calcium,

Low Levels / Therapeutic Indications for Boron:

Claims of decreased mental alertness in men women and men past the age of 45, increased magnesium
and calcium requirements, decreased bone density, greater risk for prostate cancer,

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors:

Vitamin B6 / Pyridoxine deficiency, Vitamin B2 / Riboflavin-like deficiencies (skeletal abnormalities),
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, anemia, dermatitis, ovarian / testicular abnormalities, edema, seizures,
gastrointestinal disturbances, fatigue, cold-like symptoms,

Toxicity is somewhat dependent on an individual's kidney functions and may cause boron accumulation in
kidneys, lungs, bone, liver, heart, brain, fatty tissue, parathyroid and reproductive glands,

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Boron Sources: Apples, pears, grapes, non-citrus fruit, legumes, nuts, wine, vegetables, avocado. ¤

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General recommendations for nutritional supplementation: To avoid stomach problems and promote better

tolerance, supplements should always be taken earlier, or in the middle of a larger meal. When taken on an

empty stomach or after a meal, there is a greater risk of some tablets causing irritation, or eventually erosion

of the esophageal sphincter, resulting in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). It is also advisable not

to lie down immediately after taking any pills. When taking a very large daily amount of a single nutrient, it is

better to split it up into smaller doses to not interfere with the absorption of other nutrients in food, or nutrients

supplemented at lower amounts.

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Acu-Cell Nutrition: Boron

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