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Acu-Cell Nutrition: Bismuth & Lithium
Lithium
Bismuth
When assessing Cellular Nutrition with Acu-Cell Analysis, only essential, biological elements that have
their own cell receptors are measured.  They are neurologically arranged into left-sided and right-sided
groups and are discussed in associated pairs, as they function as an inseparable, interdependent unit:
       _______________________________________________________________________

        CalciumMagnesium  PhosphorusSodium
        IronManganese  ZincPotassium
        SeleniumSulfur  TinIodine
        GermaniumSilicon  BismuthLithium
        NickelCobalt  ChromiumCopper
        FluorideChloride  VanadiumMolybdenum
       _______________________________________________________________________

        |  Boron  |  Bromine  |  Strontium  |  Bioflavonoids  |  Vit A D K  |  B12 B15 C E  |  B-Complex  |
       _______________________________________________________________________

Trace mineral symptoms of excess or deficiency are generally one-sided, depending on their ratios to
other chemical members, and depending which group they are neurologically assigned to.  In the event
of calcification, it is not a high calcium level that results in the formation of a stone or spur, but calcium
being high in ratio to associated or interactive elements.
For instance, phosphorus and zinc have both left-sided cell receptors, so if either level is low in ratio
to calcium, calcification would only take place on the left side of the body, whereas the cell receptors of
manganese or magnesium are right-sided, as a result, any calcification would develop on the right side
of the body only.
The same rules apply to most nutrition-related inflammatory or degenerative conditions, so successful,
non-symptomatic treatments require the application of those same principles.  Since intracellular and
serum levels of nutrients represent different physiological and pathological processes, abnormal levels
seen in one medium are not necessarily reflected in the other, so they need to be interpreted differently.

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Bismuth & Lithium:  Although not related on the Periodic Table of the Elements, bismuth (Bi) and
lithium (Li) share left / right-sided cell receptors and may be considered essential to human health,
although neither one has been officially designated to be essential at this time.  Bismuth and lithium
are biologically associated on a gastrointestinal and mental health level.
While lithium is better known for its therapeutic properties with manic-depressive / bipolar disorder,
both elements exert a similar effect on their respective chemical environment:  Lithium in regard to
potassium / sodium balance (all right-sided cell receptors), and bismuth in regard to zinc / phosphorus
balance (all left-sided cell receptors).

Shared toxicity or overdose symptoms of bismuth and lithium include possible kidney or liver damage,
staggering gait, tremor, mental confusion, hypoadrenalism (bismuth), hypothyroidism (lithium) among
others.  Magnesium can be used to treat lithium overdose, while calcium can be used to treat bismuth
overdose.  In addition to treating patients with manic-depressive illness, lithium has also been used with
some success for Ménière's disease, Huntington's Chorea, and alcoholism.

Raising below-normal levels of lithium or bismuth can, but does not have to produce any positive effects
in regard to mental health since few lithium or bismuth-deficient individuals present with actual mental
illness, although some researchers claim that areas with the highest lithium levels in drinking water have
the lowest rates of homicides, and the lowest mental hospital admissions (those findings have not been
officially accepted).

When indeed indicated for bipolar disorder, patients typically present with low lithium levels and
excessively high sodium levels
, in which case lithium provides a balancing effect, otherwise the
intake of higher amounts of lithium has a tendency to raise sodium, and frequently also potassium
(through its effect on kidney functions), as well as manganese (through its effect on liver functions),
so there is a distinct biochemical conflict that has a genetic basis, otherwise everyone with low lithium
levels - which are actually quite common - would be suffering from manic-depressive episodes.

Both - bismuth and lithium - frequently test low in patients who suffer from low stomach acid levels
corresponding to upper (bismuth) and lower (lithium) parts of the stomach, and they are invariably
always low in those with an
active infection of the Helicobacter Pylori bacterium, which is responsible
for some gastric ulcers and a number of other conditions (see also Acu-Cell Disorders "H. Pylori
").
Bismuth, through its antimicrobial action, is more appropriate for peptic involvement to inhibit H.Pylori
activity, where it supports an increase in upper stomach acid levels, while lithium is more indicated for
lower gastric / duodenal involvement, where it supports an increase in lower stomach acid levels.  ¤

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Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is the latest term replacing daily dietary reference values such as
Adequate Intake (AI),  Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL),  Estimated Average Requirements (EAR),
Nutrient Reference Value (NRV),  and Recommended Dietary Allowance / Intake  (RDA / RDI).

Bismuth:Lithium:

DRI (RDA):NoneDRI (RDA):None

Estimated daily intake of bismuth: 2mcg - 30mcg,Estimated daily intake of lithium: 30 - 100mcg+

Therapeutic Range:50mcg - 525mg+Therapeutic Range:50mcg - 1500mg+
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Cellular / Intracellular Attributes and Interactions:

Bismuth Synergists:Lithium Synergists:
Germanium, iron, nickel, phosphorus, Silicon, manganese, cobalt, sodium, Vit D,
Vitamin D,*[Vitamin C],

Bismuth Antagonists / Inhibitors:Lithium Antagonists / Inhibitors:
Calcium, copper,Magnesium, chromium,
 *[inositol, caffeine, sodium, vanadium],

 * with chemical imbalances (bipolar disorder),

Low Levels (Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors) Therapeutic Indications:

Bismuth:Lithium:
Gastrointestinal disorders, low stomach acid,Gastrointestinal disorders, low stomach acid
(upper part of stomach), heartburn, bloating,(lower part of stomach), heartburn, bloating,
calcification, warts, diarrhea, gastric ulcers,Bipolar / manic-depressive disorder,

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors:

Bismuth:Lithium:
Mental confusion, memory problems, tremors,Nausea, vomiting, weight gain, staggering gait,
staggering gait, muscle twitching, slurring speech,hypothyroidism / goiter, tremors, liver disease,
joint problems, hypoadrenalism, hearing and visualkidney disease, frequent urination, lethargy,
disturbances, hallucinations, coma,diarrhea, slurring speech, edema, death,
______________________________________________________________________________

Bismuth Sources:Lithium Sources:
Water, foods, cosmetics, stomach remedies,Some mineral waters, seaweed, sugarcane. ¤

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General recommendations for nutritional supplementation:  To avoid stomach problems and promote
better tolerance, supplements should always be taken earlier, or in the middle of a larger meal.  When
taken on an empty stomach or after a meal, there is a greater risk of some tablets causing irritation, or
eventually erosion of the esophageal sphincter, resulting in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).
It is also advisable not to lie down immediately after taking any pills.
When taking a very large daily amount of a single nutrient, it is better to split it up into smaller doses to
not interfere with the absorption of other nutrients in food, or nutrients supplemented at lower amounts.

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Copyright © 2000-2008  Ronald RothAcu-Cell Nutrition: Lithium & Bismuth
  
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