There are no vegetarian sources of Vitamin B12, which is why herbivores (e.g. rabbits) meet their Vit B12 |
requirements by eating plants that are infested with insects, or by eating their own feces, while in ruminants |
(sheep, cows), the microbes fermenting and digesting plant material in the rumen (the first stomach) |
incorporate cobalt into Vit B12, which is subsequently absorbed and utilized. (see also "Nickel & Cobalt"). |
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Vit B12 liver reserves in adults may last for several years before becoming depleted as a result of switching |
to a strict vegan or vegetarian diet, however Vitamin B12 deficiency in vegetarian children is much more serious since symptoms do not always become obvious or acute until some damage has resulted. While it is |
recommended to supplement extra amounts of Vitamin B12 with vegetarian adults, it is mandatory with vegan |
or vegetarian children! |
Because of improved sanitation, this is much more important in Western societies, since in lesser developed |
parts of the world, insect or feces-contaminated fruits or vegetables have generally been sources of Vit B12 |
for those growing up in a predominantly vegetarian environment or culture. |
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It may also be advisable to supplement a very small amount (DRI / RDA) of the active form of Vitamin B6 |
(pyridoxal-5-phosphate), since vegetarian sources of Vit B6 only supply the inactive form (pyridoxine), which |
will have to be converted to the active form by the liver, however the efficiency of the liver to do so may be |
compromised with certain types of liver diseases. Ideally, when supplementing Vitamin B6 as pyridoxine, a |
brand should be purchased that supplies a small percentage of Vitamin B6 as pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P) |
as well. |
Both, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6 (along with folic acid and others) are also able to lower homocysteine |
levels which tend to be on the high side with many vegetarians, so these vitamins will have a favorably affect |
on a vegetarian's cardiovascular system also. (see also Acu-Cell "B-Complex Vitamins"). |
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The decision to supplement additional iron (particularly with vegetarian women), or protein, may have to be |
made based on actual lab tests, whereby low protein and/or iron frequently - but not always, may suggest low |
sodium levels also. Using normal amounts of table salt will on average resolve that situation, however in low |
aldosterone types, where using salt alone will not bring up sodium levels, supplementing choline bitartrate or |
licorice may be a consideration. |
When iron levels test below normal, then manganese supplementation is frequently indicated as well, being |
the associated mineral of iron, which may help with low estrogenic-types of PMS, or hypoglycemic / low blood |
sugar-types of symptoms. This tends to develop when high potassium intake - being more prevalent with |
vegetarianism - gradually depletes manganese levels in the body. |
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Why do vegetarian diets worsen cholesterol or triglyceride profiles in some people? |
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A high potassium / manganese ratio is generally responsible for total cholesterol levels to rise also following |
the switch to a vegetarian lifestyle, while lower sodium can be the cause for LDL fractions to go up. Likewise, |
a rise in zinc is common when switching to vegetarianism, being partly supported by a decrease in iron (high |
zinc / low iron ratio), which may result in raised total triglyceride levels. At the same time, lower protein and/or |
phosphates would be the cause for VLDL triglyceride fractions to go up - which of course can also happen |
following an increase in the consumption of calcium and simple carbohydrates (sugar, honey, sweet fruits). |