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 CalciumMagnesiumPhosphorusSodiumBoronDRI / RDA :
 IronManganeseZincPotassiumBromineNi & Co
 SeleniumSulfurTinIodineStrontiumCa & Mg
 GermaniumSiliconBismuthLithiumVit A D K
 NickelCobaltChromiumCopperB-ComplexB-Vitamins - all
 FluorideChlorideVanadiumMolybdenumBioflavonoidsVit B12 B15 C E
  
  Germanium & Silicon
 
Both elements share left / right-sided cell receptors and are considered essential to human health.  Silicon is
usually supplemented in the form of Silica (silicon dioxide) in capsules from horsetail extract, and it can be
taken either internally or applied externally as silica gel.
Silicon can also be obtained by taking clay internally, where some forms of the clay contain more than 60%
SiO2.  Possible side effects from the (internal) use of silica gel include skin rash or stomach irritations, while
silica from horsetail extract is usually well tolerated, although pustule-like skin changes may develop on rare
occasions when very high amounts are supplemented.  With clay generally having a constipating effect when
used internally (it needs to be taken with sufficient amounts of water), it may benefit those suffering from
diarrhea, colitis, and Crohn's disease.

Silicon (Si) is present in more than one fourth of the earth's crust and is widely distributed in the soil, plants
and water.  In the body, silicon is found in highest concentrations in connective tissues such as collagen, ten-
dons, cartilage, the trachea, blood vessels (particularly the aorta), eyes, dental enamel, bone, hair, and skin,
specifically the epidermis.  Silicon-deficient diets resulted in retarded growth, poor bone development, and
more atherosclerotic arterial plaques in animal studies.  Silicon has a similar healing potential on cartilage
and joint degeneration as sulfur, so both can be helpful for various types of arthritis.

Next to Bioflavonoids, silicon (or silica) are helpful in keeping blood vessel walls healthy, and it has been
found that silicon concentrations of the thymus, skin, aorta and other arterial vessels decrease with increasing
age and with the onset of atherosclerosis, which is reversible to some extent with oral or intravenous doses of
silicon.  Silica promotes the union of bone after a fracture, in contrast to calcium, which can actually slow
the healing process or interfere with it altogether, especially when calcium levels are on the high side.

Years ago, Germanium (Ge) used to be readily available around the globe, but it was taken off the shelves
in many countries after some practitioners, and patients themselves, started using it to treat cancer, and after
reports of kidney damage surfaced from using germanium dioxide (not germanium lactate / citrate), follow-
ing its supplementation.
However, the organo-germanium form, bis-carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide (Ge-132), developed by
Kazuhiko Asaia of Japan in 1967, is a safe and effective compound that can be used for a variety of medical
problems ranging from viral infections to cancer, which require improved oxygenation and immune support.
GE-132 is further known to enhance the immune system by stimulating the production of natural killer cells
and lymphokines such as IFN (Y), interferon, macrophages and T-suppressor cells.

Both, germanium and silicon have somewhat of a blood thinning effect:  Germanium, by inhibiting calcium and
increasing phosphorus, - and silicon, by inhibiting magnesium and increasing sodium retention.  Individuals
who most benefit from extra germanium (provided its levels are below-normal) are those who would generally
also benefit from the blood-thinning effect of alcohol, but for whatever reason will not, or cannot consume any.
They include people with either very high VLDL triglyceride levels, low protein and/or phosphorus, very high
calcium, and/or those suffering from poor peripheral circulation due to atherosclerosis.

Blood thinners, omega 3 EFAs, and alcohol (the only "simple carb" exception) increase germanium uptake,
while all other simple - but not complex carbs - lower its levels, and as mentioned above, there is typically an
inverse relationship between low germanium, and raised VLDL triglycerides.

With some variation, the same principle of what applies to germanium also applies to silicon.  Blood thinners
and alcohol increase silicon levels, however, instead of an omega 3 EFA / germanium inter action, there is an
omega 6 EFA / silicon interaction, where one helps raise the other (and vice versa), while saturated fats and
transfatty acids (but not poly or monounsaturated fats) inhibit silicon.  There is also an inverse relationship
between low silicon levels and raised LDL cholesterol.

Calcium is the most potent germanium antagonist, with phosphorus being synergistic with germanium, while
magnesium is the most potent silicon antagonist, with sodium being synergistic with silicon. This mutual
calcium-germanium and magnesium-silicon antagonism however only takes place at close to normal levels.
As calcium levels become excessively high, they will progressively inhibit germanium absorption to a point
where supplementation of even larger amounts of germanium will no longer result in increased levels, neither
will germanium be able to lower calcium any longer.

Likewise, excessive magnesium intake will increasingly inhibit silicon absorption, no matter how much silicon
is supplemented, and at which point silicon will no longer be able to lower magnesium. Only by raising sodium
or phosphorus levels (and decreasing magnesium and/or calcium intake) is it possible to raise germanium or
silicon levels again, following the inhibiting action of phosphorus on calcium, and/or sodium on magnesium.

Provided levels match requirements, Leg Ulcers may respond to (internal) silicon / silica supplementation
when used for right-sided occurrences, and germanium supplementation may be used for left-sided cases.
Unless caused by an infection or blood clot, some people find Silica Gel helpful for swollen, burning or painful
veins when applied topically (rubbed into the skin), although other home remedies such as Vicks VapoRub,
Hand Sanitizer Gels used to kill germs, or - in acute cases - plain Honey  may be equally effective. ¤
===================================================================================

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is the latest term replacing daily dietary reference values such as
Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), Estimated Average Requirements (EAR),
Nutrient Reference Value (NRV),  and Recommended Dietary Allowance / Intake (RDA / RDI).

Germanium:Silicon / Silica:

DRI (RDA):noneDRI (RDA):none

18 years + (suggested)0.5mg - 1mg18 years + (suggested)5mg - 20mg

Estimated daily intake of germanium: 1mg - 2mg,Estimated daily intake of silicon: 20mg - 50mg

Therapeutic Range:25mg - 1,000mg+Therapeutic Range:10mg - 300mg+
  In the form of horsetail:500mg - 6,000mg
___________________________________________________________________________________

Cellular / Intracellular Attributes and Interactions:

Germanium Synergists:Silicon Synergists:
Phosphorus, iron, manganese, Vit C, niacinamide,Sodium, manganese, iron, Vitamin E, Vit B1,
niacin, omega 3 essential fatty acids (EFAs), alcohol,choline, omega 6 essential fatty acids,

Germanium Antagonists / Inhibitors:Silicon Antagonists / Inhibitors:
Calcium, zinc, copper, pantothenic acid (Vit B5),Magnesium, potassium, chromium, Vitamin B2,
all simple carbs / sugar (except alcohol),Vit B5, Vit B6, saturated fats, transfatty acids,

Low Levels / Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors:

Germanium:Silicon / Silica:
Cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis,higherCartilage / joint degeneration, osteoporosis,
risk for several cancers, osteoporosis, arthritis,dry / brittle nails and hair, headaches, cardio-
weakened immune system,decreased oxygen,vascular disease, vascular degeneration,

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors:

Germanium (as Germanium Oxide):Silicon / Silica:
Bruising, kidney damage, liver damage, skin rash,Bruising, stomach irritations (silica gel), skin
neurotoxicity,rashes / irritations.
 By Inhalation: silicosis.
 From Horsetail:  Low potassium, dehydration,
 Vitamin B1 deficiency, may produce symptoms
 of nicotine exposure due to nicotine content.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Germanium Sources:Silicon / Silica Sources:
Ginseng, garlic, aloe vera, sushi, comfrey, chlorella,Whole grains, onions, lettuce, root vegetables,
watercress, waternut, boxthorn, shiitake mushroom,horsetail, nettle, comfrey, beer, well water. ¤

===================================================================================
===================================================================================

General recommendations for nutritional supplementation:  To avoid stomach problems and promote better
tolerance, supplements should always be taken earlier, or in the middle of a larger meal.  When taken on an
empty stomach or after a meal, there is a greater risk of some tablets causing irritation, or eventually erosion
of the esophageal sphincter, resulting in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).  It is also advisable not
to lie down immediately after taking any pills.  When taking a very large daily amount of a single nutrient, it is
better to split it up into smaller doses to not interfere with the absorption of other nutrients in food, or nutrients
supplemented at lower amounts.

___________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2000-2010  Ronald RothAcu-Cell Nutrition: Silica / Silicon & Germanium
  
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