=================================================================================== << Page 1 =================================================================================== Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is the latest term replacing daily dietary reference values such as: Adequate Intake (AI *), Nutrient Reference Value (NRV), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), Estimated Average Requirements (EAR), and Recommended Dietary Allowance / Intake (RDA / RDI). Nickel: DRI (RDA) : DRI (RDA) : Therapeutic Range : Therapeutic Range : ___________________________________________________________________________________ Cellular / Intracellular Attributes and Interactions: Nickel Synergists: Iron, tin, phosphorus, Vitamin C, bismuth, [cobalt], germanium, Nickel Antagonists: Manganese, zinc, calcium, copper, [cobalt], sodium, Vitamin E, phytic acid, Low Levels / Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors: Nickel: Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), low blood pressure, depression, liver disease, anemia, low stomach acid, sinus congestion, fatigue, low adrenals, High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors: Nickel: Angina, skin rash, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), decreased estrogen, shortness of breath, asthma, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, lowered pulse, increased protein in urine, increased red blood cells, heart failure (from 50,000 - 100,000 x the daily intake), ___________________________________________________________________________________ Nickel Sources: Unrefined whole grains, nuts, oysters, tea, herring, buckwheat seed, peas, beans, soybeans, lentils, ___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________ Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid: DRI (RDA): for details see Vitamin C Supplementation 0-12 months 1-10 years 11-18 years 18 years + pregnant / lactating Therapeutic Range: Therapeutic Range: Low Levels / Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors: Vitamin C: Scurvy, slow wound healing, anemia, easy bruising, shortness of breath, fatigue, nosebleeds, frequent infections, gastrointestinal problems, depression, chronic gingivitis, increased risk for various cancers, impaired formation and maintenance of collagen, impaired multiple hormonal functions, dermatitis, arthritis, reduced insulin production, some types of male infertility, vascular degeneration, gallstones, High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors: Vitamin C: Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, high stomach acid, increased urination, insomnia, irritability, joint pains, osteoporosis, headaches, hypoglycemia, weakness, reduced estrogen, PMS, may increase infections by causing copper deficiency, reduced estrogen, reduced progesterone, reduced prolactin. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Vitamin C Sources: Citrus fruit, green peppers, sweet and hot peppers, potatoes, rose hips, currants and other berries, kale, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage, spinach, watercress, ___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________ Vitamin B12 - Hydroxy or Cyanocobalamin: * (also available as adenosyl or methylcobalamin) DRI (RDA): 0-6 months 6-12 months no USRDA DMG ]. 1-18 years 18 years + pregnant / lactating Therapeutic Range: Therapeutic Range: 50mg - 500mg+ Low Levels / Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors: Vitamin B12: Pernicious anemia (numbness and tingling in hands and feet / nerve damage), shortness of breath, severe fatigue, birth defects, dementia, confusion, poor memory, depression, reduced WBCs and platelet formation, loss of appetite, weight loss, sore tongue, headaches, nausea, High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors: Vitamin B12: Can cause low folate-related anemia, hyperthyroid, numbness / tingling in right arm or face, hypokalemia, anxieties, panic-anxiety attacks, heart palpitations, insomnia, increased Vit B15 requirements, skin rash, optic nerve atrophy (in someone with Leber's disease), some types of leukemia, liver and kidney diseases, may worsen symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, may increase / stimulate tumor / cancer cell division. Methylcobalamin is the preferred form of Vit B12 if cyanocobalamin is not tolerated, however side effects (although rare) are possible with all forms. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Vitamin B12 Sources: Meat, dairy, eggs, seafood. [Vit B12 is only found in animal products, but has been obtained through insect or feces-contaminated grains, fruits, or vegetables]. ¤ ===================================================================================
=================================================================================== General recommendations for nutritional supplementation : To avoid stomach problems and promote better tolerance, supplements should always be taken earlier, or in the middle of a larger meal. When taken on an empty stomach or after a meal, there is a greater risk of some tablets causing irritation, or eventually erosion of the esophageal sphincter, resulting in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). It is also advisable not to lie down immediately after taking any pills. When taking a very large daily amount of a single nutrient, it is better to split it up into smaller doses to not interfere with the absorption of other nutrients in food, or nutrients supplemented at lower amounts. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 2000-2010 Ronald Roth
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