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ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: Nutritional Causes, Prevention and Therapies |
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Named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who identified this form of dementia in 1906, Alzheimer's Disease |
is a progressive form of degenerative brain disease that generally leads to confusion, memory loss, agitation, apathy, depression, problems with perception, speech, trouble moving, and fearing things |
that are not there. Up to 70% of dementias are due to Alzheimer's disease, with the diagnosis usually being made by ruling out other causes of dementia. |
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs almost as often in men as it does in women, whereby early onset |
of AD appears before age 60, and late onset AD - the most common form of the disease - develops |
in people 60 and older. Several factors are believed to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's |
disease, but none have been proven conclusively as of yet. |
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Neurochemical causes are thought to include lack of substances used by the nerve cells to transmit nerve impulses (neurotransmitters), including acetylcholine, serotonin, somatostatin, substance P, |
GABA, norepinephrine, or they are comprised of elevated concentrations of extra-cellular glutamate, |
which are highly toxic to neurons. As a result, some researchers believe glutamate-rich food sources, such as MSG, to be of concern. The antiglutamatergic drug Memantine (Axura, Namenda) aims to |
restore a proper balance in the glutamate-NMDA system when it has become overstimulated by |
glutamate. |
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Environmental causes to promote Alzheimer's disease include above-normal exposure to iron, zinc, |
copper, manganese, Aluminum and other substances. High aluminum (aluminium) intake in particular inhibits choline transport and reduces neuronal choline acetyltransferase. This may contribute to the acetylcholine deficiency, which is a key component of Alzheimer's disease. In some municipalities, drinking water contains very high levels of added aluminum. |
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Infectious causes include Amyloid or Prion (virus-like organisms) infections, that affect the brain and spinal cord / central nervous system, and derived from a scrapie-like factor, a disease affecting sheep. |
Other risk factors include a family history of Alzheimer's disease (there is a 5-10% inherited predispo- |
sition to the development of AD), a mutation of the APOE gene, Parkinson's disease, alcohol abuse, |
apolipoprotein E-4, depression, head trauma (boxing), free radical damage (oxidative stress), lack of mental stimulation (reading, problem solving, gardening), and long-term electromagnetic exposure. |
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Some research is underway trying to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease by using a course |
of common Antibiotics following the discovery of an increased incidence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the brains of deceased Alzheimer's patients. Chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae have also been found with some forms of asthma, heart disease, and multiple sclerosis. |
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Dietary factors implicated with Alzheimer's disease include the presence of AGEs (advanced glycation |
end products), as well as possible nutritional deficiencies that may include Vitamin A, Vitamin C & E, |
Vitamin B6 & B12, DHA / w3 EFAs (i.e. cold water fish), and folate, although no reliable studies have |
confirmed a definite link. Whatever the cause, the lesions and the damaged neurons eventually reduce |
blood flow to affected areas of the brain, causing hypoxic ischemia (oxygen deprivation). |
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Many of the studies done on Ginkgo Biloba in regard to Alzheimer's disease showed that it had some |
ability to improve the cognitive performance and the social functioning of demented patients, at least at |
an early stage of the disease. At the same time, rats that were given gingko biloba lived longer then |
those that were not. In one study, the type of effects produced by ginkgo biloba in elderly dementia patients were similar to those induced by a class of drugs called Cholinesterase inhibitors - used to |
treat Alzheimer's disease - which includes rivastigmine (Exelon), donepezil (Aricept), and galantamine (Reminyl). Because of the potential to cause liver damage, tacrine (Cognex) - another cholinesterase inhibitor - is not much used any longer in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. |
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On a cautionary note, a couple of previously well controlled patients developed seizures within two |
weeks after starting to take ginkgo biloba, although they became seizure-free again after discontinuing the herb. Other potential side effects from taking ginkgo biloba include irritability, restlessness, gastro- |
intestinal discomfort, skin rash, bleeding and headaches. |
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The question remains: Unless there is a treatment that is able to halt the progression of this disorder |
in its early stages, what are the advantages of taking a drug that is only able to slow the advancement of Alzheimer's disease and prolong the inevitable? |
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When measuring nutritional aspects, or intracellular chemistry of patients meeting a diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer's disease, they comprise abnormal Sulfur levels, which is also seen in patients suffering |
from Lou Gehrig's disease, or ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). ALS patients however present with |
elevated sulfur levels and above-normal selenium levels, while Alzheimer's disease patients present |
with very deficient sulfur levels and below-normal, to very low selenium levels. Following is a typical cellular profile of someone suffering from moderate, or mid-stage Alzheimer's disease: |
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